來源:環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)GlobalTimes
2019-04-07 15:16:04
一個(gè)家庭會(huì)為生育付出許多成本,包括時(shí)間和金錢。而女性可能會(huì)付出的更多,尤其是事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
最近CBC出了這么一條報(bào)道:
據(jù)加拿大皇家銀行:生孩子的成本——女性在生子后5年內(nèi)會(huì)失去部分收入。
In the year following the birth of a first child, women aged 25 to 34 saw their earnings fall by almost half compared to women with no children, according to the 2016 census, said RBC Economics Research.
加拿大皇家銀行表示,據(jù)2016年的一次統(tǒng)計(jì),第一個(gè)孩子出生后的一年,25歲至34歲女性的收入與沒有孩子的女性相比,會(huì)下降近一半。
Via CBC
據(jù)報(bào)道,在加拿大,考慮到女性生完孩子之后要休長(zhǎng)達(dá)18個(gè)月的育兒假 ,這段時(shí)間的降薪倒是正常。但是,后面發(fā)生的事卻……
"A more worrying statistic is that women experience a significant earnings penalty spanning five years after the birth of a child," said Andrew Agopsowicz, senior economist at RBC.
“令人擔(dān)憂的是,女性生完孩子之后,降薪會(huì)持續(xù)5年 ,” 加拿大皇家銀行的高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Andrew Agopsowicz說。
Overall, women aged 25 to 38 saw earnings that were down by four per cent in the five years after having a child, compared to those with no children, the study said.
研究表明,總體上講,與沒有孩子的女性相比,25歲至38歲的女性在生孩子后的五年內(nèi),收入下降了4%。
It's even worse for younger women, with those aged 25 to 29 losing an additional 14 per cent in earnings over this period.
年輕點(diǎn)的女性的情況更糟,25至29歲的女性在此期間的收入另外還下降了14%。
Via CBC
(圖Via VCG)
這背后也是有原因的。加拿大皇家銀行稱,年輕點(diǎn)的女性之所以會(huì)遭遇更大幅度的降薪,是因?yàn)樯⒆舆@段時(shí)間正好是他們職業(yè)發(fā)展和晉升的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期 ,而晚一點(diǎn)要孩子的話,情況可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。
"Focusing on women who have their first child between the ages of 30 and 34, we find that while there is again a substantial initial cost, earnings quickly return to, and even surpass, the level of those without children,"
根據(jù)對(duì)在30到34歲之間生的第一個(gè)孩子的女性的觀察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然他們最開始會(huì)有大幅度降薪,但收入會(huì)迅速回彈,甚至還會(huì)超過沒有孩子的人的薪資水平,” Agopsowicz說。
"This suggests that having children early in one's career can have an outsized impact on earnings."
“這表明,在職業(yè)生涯早期生孩子會(huì)對(duì)收入產(chǎn)生巨大影響。”
Via CBC
那么,生孩子對(duì)于作為爸爸的男性會(huì)有什么影響呢?情況和當(dāng)媽的完全相反,報(bào)告顯示,當(dāng)了爸之后,他們的工資反而會(huì)漲 。
(圖 Via Joe Giddens/PA)
"Whether this is because employers see fathers as harder working or more committed than non-fathers is up for debate and further study, but the fact remains that career costs of parenthood are largely placed on women," Agopsowicz said.
“這背后的原因是否是因?yàn)楣椭髡J(rèn)為當(dāng)了爸的比沒當(dāng)爸的工作更努力,更上進(jìn),還有待進(jìn)一步的研究和討論,但事實(shí)就是,當(dāng)?shù)鶍屗冻龅某杀局饕际桥猿袚?dān)的,” Agopsowicz 說。
在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,與男性相比,女性更多地需要進(jìn)行工作和家庭之間的平衡,也就意味著,她們?cè)陴B(yǎng)兒育女這件事情上付出的更多一些。有些人為了照顧孩子可能就不得不放棄一些職業(yè)上的發(fā)展 。
Last year, about a third of women aged 25 to 34 said they were working part-time in order to care for children, compared to less than five per cent of men in the same age group.
去年,25至34歲的女性中,有三分之一稱為了照顧孩子,只是在做兼職的工作,但同年齡的男性當(dāng)中,只有5%的人在兼職。
而且,做兼職的話,不僅工資會(huì)少,基本上晉升的希望也就比較小了,這樣一來,男女之間的薪資差距也就更大了 。
其實(shí),男女的薪資差距一直存在 ,而且還是個(gè)廣泛存在的現(xiàn)象。
據(jù)The Guardian去年的一條報(bào)道,全球的男女收入差距還需要202年才能解決。
世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇表示,性別平等停滯不前,全球女性獲得的收入僅有男性的63%。
There is not a single country where women are paid as much as men. Laos, in South-east Asia, is the closest to achieving parity with women earning 91% of what men are paid.
沒有一個(gè)國家的女性收入與男性一樣多。 在老撾,女性的收入是男子收入的91%,是最接近平等的。
Yemen, Syria and Iraq have the biggest pay gaps with women being paid less than 30% the level of mens’ wages. The WEF ranked the UK 50th out of 149 countries for gender pay, with women collecting 70% of that paid to men.
也門、敘利亞和伊拉克的工資差距最大,女性的工資水平低于男性工資水平的30%。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇將英國在149個(gè)國家的薪資差距中排到50位,女性收入是男性的70%。
Via The Guardian
在這種環(huán)境下,女性防止降薪的一個(gè)辦法就是:晚點(diǎn)生孩子 。加拿大皇家銀行的數(shù)據(jù)也顯示,女性生育的年齡也確實(shí)晚了一些 :
The average age of women at the birth of their first child went from around 27 years in 2001 to around 29 years in 2016, according to the report.
報(bào)告顯示, 2001年時(shí),女性生第一個(gè)孩子的平均年齡是27歲左右,到2016年,延遲到了29歲左右。
Agopsowicz說,這些數(shù)據(jù)表示,有些女性選擇在職業(yè)發(fā)展穩(wěn)定之后才選擇組建家庭。
可以說,對(duì)于許多女性來說,生孩子還是追求職業(yè)發(fā)展其實(shí)是兩難的選擇 ,而為了實(shí)現(xiàn)職業(yè)發(fā)展,有些人確實(shí)會(huì)選擇晚點(diǎn)生孩子。
以美國為例,據(jù)報(bào)道,越來越多美國女性選擇在30歲生孩子,而不是20歲。美國政府疾病控制和預(yù)防中心(CDC)2017年發(fā)布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,2016年,在30歲出頭生孩子的女性數(shù)量多于年輕點(diǎn)的女性,這是有史以來第一次。
When it comes to that decision, mothers are still divided. Some 37% of women said a woman who wants a top executive positionsshould have children earlier, while 41% said waiting is better, according to a 2014 survey of about 1,800 people conducted by the Pew Research Center, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank. About 20% said it would be best to have no children at all.
在生孩子這個(gè)事情上,母親們的意見仍然存在差異。 華盛頓特區(qū)皮尤研究中心2014年對(duì)約1800人進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,約有37%的女性表示,想要擔(dān)任高級(jí)管理職位的女性應(yīng)該提前生孩子,而41%的女性表示等一等更好,大約20%的人表示最好不要生孩子 。
More American women are having babies in their 30s than their 20s (Via marketwatch.com)
另外還有一種情況,女性比男性更辛苦些。
The study said more women are working less in order to take care of older family members.
研究表明,為了照顧家里的老人,女性也在放棄部分工作。
"While there has been an increase in both men and women reducing their work hours due to "personal or family responsibilities," women continue to bear the greater burden," RBC said.
“雖然為了履行‘個(gè)人或家庭責(zé)任’男性和女性都在減少工作時(shí)間,但女性仍然承擔(dān)著更大的負(fù)擔(dān),”加拿大皇家銀行說。
在這種背景下,社會(huì)對(duì)于女性的理解、幫助和支持就顯得尤為重要了。
你覺得生兒育女會(huì)對(duì)女性帶來什么樣的影響?歡迎在評(píng)論里留言。
文:CBC,The Guardian, marketwatch.com
整合:Sasa
圖:VCG,網(wǎng)絡(luò),
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